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| Turtle Mound ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Turtle Mound
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Turtle Mound is a prehistoric archaeological site located south of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, on State Road A1A. On September 29, 1970, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is the largest shell midden on the mainland United States, with an approximate height of . The mound extends for over along the Indian River shoreline and contains over of shells.〔 Turtle Mound was estimated to be high before it was reduced by shellrock mining in the 19th and 20th centuries. The turtle-shaped mound contains oysters and refuse from the prehistoric Timucuan people. Archaeologists believe that these people may have used this site as a high-ground refuge during hurricanes. With bow and arrow, spears and snares, they caught a variety of small mammals and reptiles. It was constructed between 800 and 1400 CE.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Canaveral National Seashore: Scenic Vistas )〕 however recent radio-carbon dates it around 1000 BCE.〔name="lostworlds"〕 Early Spanish explorers and subsequent mariners utilized the large mound as a landmark. Today, the site is owned and managed by the National Park Service as part of Canaveral National Seashore.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newsmyrnabeach.com/resources/turtle-mound.html )〕
Visible seven miles out at sea, early sailors used Turtle Mound as a navigational device. The Timucuan experienced greater competitive forces for finite resources such as arable land resulting in increased open conflict. This is apparent in some of the material found in the Turtle Mound location where it occupied an important location along the coast. Archaeologists have recently found 1,200-year-old pottery on the site.
==Characteristics==
The shell mound is a deposit of refuse; the majority of the mound is oyster shells,〔Small, John Kunkel (1929). ''From Eden to Sahara: Florida's Tragedy.'' Seminole Soil & Water Conservation District.〕 although no extensive excavations have occurred.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turtle Mound: Canaveral )〕 The mound contains several species of tropical plants. Surveys have confirmed the presence of ''Amyris elemifera, Heliotropium angiospermum, Plumbago scandens, Harrisia fragrans, Sideroxylon foetidissimum, Schoepfia chrysophylloides,'' and other species. The site represents the northernmost distribution for several species.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Canaveral National Seashore: Plants )〕 The heat retention of shells and the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean maintains warmer temperatures than surrounding areas.〔〔Norman, E. M. (1976). An Analysis of Vegetation at Turtle Mound. Florida Scientist 39: 19-31.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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